Long Answer Type(a) Name the primates that lived about 15 million years ago. List their characteristic features.
(b) (i) Where was the first man-like animal found?
(ii) Write the order in which Neanderthals, Homo habilis and Homo erectusappeared on earth.
State the brain capacity of each one of them.
(iii) When did modern Homo sapiens appear on this planet?
Short Answer Type(a) Select the homologous structures from the combinations given below :
(i) Forelimbs of whales and bats
(ii) Tuber of potato and sweet potato
(iii) Eyes of octopus and mammals
(iv) Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita
(b) State the kind of evolution they represent.
What does the following equation represent? Explain
p2 + 2 pq + q2 = 1
The equation of p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 represents the genotypic frequencies of a population, when it is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
According to this law, the frequency of occurrence of alleles of a gene in a population remains constant through generations unless disturbances, such as mutations and non-random mating, are introduced.
Individual frequencies are represented as p and q such as in a diploid, where p and q represent the frequency of allele A and a respectively. The sum total of all allelic frequencies is 1.
The frequency of genotypes, AA is p2, that of aa is q2 and that of Aa is 2pq.
Hence, p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1, which is the expansion of (p + q)2.Since the origin of life on the earth, there were five episodes of mass extinction of species.
(i)How is the 'Sixth Extinction', presently in progress, different from the previous episodes?
(ii)Who is mainly responsible for the 'Sixth Extinction''?
(iii)List any four points that can help to overcome this disaster.
How do homologous organs represent divergent evolution ? Explain with the help of a suitable example.
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