Short Answer TypeWrite the source and the effect on the human body of the following drugs:
(i) Morphine
(ii) Cocaine
(iii) Marijuana
A heavily bleeding and bruised road accident victim was brought to a nursing home. The doctor immediately gave him an injection to protect him against a deadly disease.
(a) Write what did the doctor inject into the patient's body.
(b) How do you think this injection would protect the patient against the disease?
(c) Name the disease against which this injection was given and the kind of immunity it provides.
Why is secondary immune response more intense than the primary immune response in human?
Community Service department of your school plan a visit to a slum area near the school with an objective to educate the slum dwellers with respect to health and hygiene.
(a)Why is there a need to organize such visits?
(b)Write the steps you will highlight, as a member of this department, in your interaction with them to enable them to lead a healthy life.(a) Name the group of viruses responsible for causing AIDS in humans. Why are these viruses so named?
(b) List any two ways of transmission of HIV infection in humans, other than sexual contact.
(a) Tobacco plants are damaged severely when infested with Meloidegyne incognitia. Name and explain the strategy that is adopted to stop this infestation.
(b) Name the vector used for introducing the nematode specific gene in tobacco plant.Name the calls HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) gains entry into after infecting the human body. Explain the events that occur in these cells.
After infecting the human body the HIV gains entry into the macrophages.
Events that occur in the cells:
i. The virus enters into macrophages where RNA genome of virus replicates to form viral DNA with the help of enzyme reverse transcriptase.
ii. The viral DNA gets incorporated into host cells DNAand directs the infected cell to produce virus particles.
iii. The macrophage continue to produce virus and in this way acts like a HIV factory.
iv. The HIV enters into helper T-lymphocytos (TH ), replicates and produce progeny viruses. The progeny viruses released in the blood attacks other helper T-helper lymphocytes. This is repeated heading to a progressive decrease in the number of helper
v. TH lymphocytes in the body of infected person. During this period the person suffers from bouts of fever, diarrhoea and weight loss.
vi. The decrease in the number of the T helper cells leads to infections as the immune system of the person becomes weak.
It is generally observed that the children who had suffered from chicken - pox in their childhood may not contract the same disease in their adulthood. Explain giving reasons the basis of such an immunity in an individual. Name this kind of immunity.
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