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Human Reproduction

Long Answer Type

71. Draw a labelled diagram of a section through ovary.

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72. What is oogenesis? Give a brief account of oogenesis.

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73. Explain the various events which occur during menstrual cycle.

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74. Describe the structure of mammalian sperm.

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75.
Explain the process of fertilization in human.

Fertilization is the fusion of male and female haploid gametes to form a diploid zygote.

The process of fertlization involves the steps:

1. A sperm comes in contact with the zona pellucida layer of the ovum and induces changes in the membrane which block the entry of more than one sperm.
2. The acrosomal secretions aid in the entry of sperm into the cytoplasm of the ovum through the
zona pellucida and the plasma membrane.
3. The seconday oocyte completes its meiotic division on the entry of sperm.
4. Meiosis of secondary oocyte is unequal and leads to the formation of a smaller second polar body and a larger ovum.
5.Finally the haploid nucleus of the sperms fuses with haploid ovum to form a diploid zygote.

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