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61. Discuss role of predators in an ecosystem.

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62. Define population and community

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63. Name the two processes which result in increase in population.

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64. Name the major abiotic factors and state their importance.

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65.

With the help of suitable diagram describe the logistic population growth curve.

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66. Write short notes on :

(a) adaptations of desert plants and animals.

(b) adaptations of plants to water scarcity.

(d) importance of light to plants.

(e) Effect of temperature or water scarcity and the adaptations of animals.

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67.

Define the following terms and give one example for each:
(a) Commensalism
(b) Parasitism
(c) Camouflage
(d) Mutualism
(e) Interspecific competition

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68. Make a table showing behavioural strategies of adaptations in animals.

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69. Discuss various adaptation found in animals in winter of polar regions.

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Adaptations of desert plants to prevent loss of water are-:

1. Presence of thick cuticle on stem and leaf surfaces. This reduces the rate of transpiration.

2. Some desert plants develop succulent organs (stems, leaves and roots) e.g. Asparagus, Begonia, Bryophyllum.

3. Presence of extensive root system to absorb water.

4. Either leaves are absent or small-sized leaves or transformed into spines to minimize the rate of transpiration.

5. The stomata get sunken to reduce the rate of transpiration.

6. Some xerophytes remain dormant either as seeds or as roots and they sprout up during rains e.g. Cassia, Argemone

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