When and where does reduction division take place in the life cycle of a liverwort, a moss, a fern, a gymnosperm and an angiosperm?
Name three groups of plants that bear archegonia. Briefly describe the life cycle of any one of them.
Mention the ploidy of the following: protonemal cell of a moss; primary endosperm nucleus in dicot, leaf cell of a moss; prothallus cell of a ferm; gemma cell in Marchantia; meristem cell of monocot, ovum of a liverwort, and zygote of a fern.
Both gymnosperms and angiosperms bear seeds, then why are they classified separately?
Gymnosperms and angiosperms are classified into two separate groups because the seeds in the gymnosperms are not covered and are naked while in angiosperms the ovules are produced inside specialised structures called flowers.
Explain briefly the following terms with suitable examples:
(i) protonema
(ii) antheridium
(iii) archegonium
(iv) diplontic
(v) sporophyll
(vi) isogamy