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51. What are chasmogamous flowers ? Can cross pollination occur in cleistogamous flowers ? Give reasons for your answer.

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52. Mention two strategies evolved to prevent self-pollination in flowers..

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53.

What is self-incompatibility? Why does self-pollination not lead to seed formation in self-incompatible species?

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54. What is triple fusion ? Where and how does it take place ? Name the nuclei involved in triple fusion.

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55. Why do you think the zygote is dormant for some time in a fertilized ovule ?

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56. Draw a schematic labelled diagram of fertilized embryo sac showing zygote and primary endosperm.

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57. Describe the megaspore development in an angiospermic plant.

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58. Tabulate the differences between self-pollination and cross-pollination.

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Characters of wind pollinated flowers. The flowers pollinated by the agency of wind are termed anemophilous.

These flowers have the following characters :

(1) The size of flower is very small.

(2) Bright coloured corolla, nectar glands and fragrance are absent.

(3) Flowers are grouped together in clusters.

(4) Pollen grains are produced in large quantities.

(5) Versatile fixation of anthers aid idispersal of pollen grains by air.

(6) Pollen grains are dry, smooth and very light. e.g. coconut palm, date palm, Cannabis (Bhang), maize and grasses.

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60. What are zoophily, zoophilous flowers and entomophilous flowers ? List the characters of entomophilous flowers

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