Biodiversity and Conservation

In some species of red algae called coralline algae. the cell walls become hardened with calcium carbonate. These algae hence important for the formation of coral reefs.

Coral reefs are formed through the accumulation of calcareous exoskeletons of coral animals, calcareous red algae and molluses. They form the foundation of reefs by secreting a calcium carbonate skeleton that provides protection for the coral polyps. Calcium carbonate is secreted continuously by the coral colony.

The Great Barrier Reef can be seen from outer space and is the world’s biggest single structure made by living organisms. The Great Barrier Reef is one of the richest and most complex natural systems in the world. The Reef's diverse range of habitats all connect and support each other, which means they are all vital to the life of the Great Barrier Reef.

Highest amount of coal is found in Jharkhand.

Botanical gardens (i.e., institutions that maintain living plant collections representing a large number of speices, genera and families) are the means of ex situ conservation (i.e., conservation outside the habitats).
Insitu conservation involves the conservation of genetic resources through their maintenance within natural or even human-made ecosystems in which they occur. It includes National parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere reserves, Natural Reserves, Natural Monuments, Cultural Landscapes etc.

Taxa whose numbers have been reduced to a critical level or whose habitats have been so drastically reduced that they are deemed to be in immediate danger of extinction are called endangered animals, for e.g. Lion tailed macaque, Crocodile, Musk deer, Rhino, etc.

An endangered species is a species which has been categorized as very likely to become extinct. Endangered (EN), as categorized by the IUCN Red list , is the second most severe conservation status for wild populations in the IUCN's schema after Critically Endangered (CR).

Tropical rain are disappearing fast from developing countries such as India. Forest lands are converting into agricultural and industrial lands to fulfil the requirements of increasing population. Therefore, Humans are the main cause of rainforest destruction. Tropical rain forests are rich in biodiversity. 

Ex situ conservation is the preservation of components of biological diversity outside their natural habitats. For example, by protecting them in Zoos, Aquaria, Botanical gardens and gene banks. Also gametes of threatened species can be preserved in viable and fertile condition for long periods using Cryopreservation technique; eggs can be fertilised in vitro and plants can be propogated using tissue culture methods. Cryoprservation is a process of storing the living cells and tissues at very low temperatures.

Biodiversity is the variety of plant and animal life in the world or in a particular habitat. In India, eastern Himalayas and Western Ghats are the geographical areas in India which show the maximum diversity.

Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicorns) is an endangered animal and conserved in Kaziranga National Park.