Short Answer TypeList any four methods of contraception used by humans. How does their use have a direct effect on the health and prosperity of a family?
(a)Give the evidence that the birds have evolved from reptiles.
(b) Insects, octopus, planaria and vertebrates possess eyes. Can we group these animals together on the basis of the eyes that they possess? Justify your answer giving a reason?
A cross was made between pure breeding pea plants one with round and green seeds and the other with wrinkled and yellow seeds.
(a) Write the phenotype of F1 progeny. Give reason for your answer.
(b) Write the different types of F2 progeny obtained along with their ration when F1 progeny was selfed.
A spherical mirror produces an image of magnification −1 on a screen placed at a distance of 50 cm from the mirror.
(a) Write the type of mirror.
(b) Find the distance of the image from the object.
(c) What is the focal length of the mirror?
(d) Draw the ray diagram to show the image formation in this case.
State the laws of refraction of light. If the speed of light in vacuum is 3 × 108 ms−1, find the speed of light in a medium of absolute refractive index 1.5.
Explain giving reason why the sky appears blue to an observer from the surface of the earth? What will the colour of the sky be for an astronaut staying in the international space station orbiting the earth? Justify your answer giving reason.
Our food grains such as wheat and rice, the vegetables and fruits and even meat are found to contain varying amounts of pesticide residues. State the reason to explain how and why it happens?
State the reason why carbon can neither form C4+ cations nor anions but forms a covalent compound. Also, state the reason to explain why covalent compounds:
i) are bad conductors of electricity.
ii) have low melting and boiling point.
(a) Give one example each of a unisexual and a bisexual flower.
(b) Mention the changes a flower undergoes after fertilization.
c) How does the amount of DNA remain constant though each new generation is a combination of DNA copies of two individuals?
(a) Unisexual flowers are those flowers which contain either stamen (male reproductory part) or pistil ( female reproductory part). For example Cucumber, pumpkin, water melon, papaya, etc.
Bisexual flowers are those flowers which have both stamen and pistil in the same flower. For example- Hibiscus, rose, lily, etc.
b) A flower undergoes certain changes after fertilization. the zygote divides several times to form an embryo within the ovule. The ovule develops a tough coat and is gradually converted into a seed. The ovary grows rapidly and ripens to form a fruit. The petals, sepals, stamens, style and stigma may fall off.
c) Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) copying is the process by which the DNA is copied and the genetic information is passed from parents to offspring. The reproducing cells produce a copy of their DNA through process of replication and result in the formation of copy of DNA from an existing one. In this way, the amount of DNA remains constant through each new generation.
Name the respective part of human female reproductive system:
(i) that produces eggs,
ii) where the fusion of eggs and sperm takes place, and
iii) where zygote gets implanted.
b) Describe in brief what happens to the zygote after it gets implanted.
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