28.

Napoleon had destroyed democracy in France but in the administrative field he had incorporated revolutionary principles in order to make the whole system more rational and efficient. Analyse the statement with arguments.

OR

The peace negotiations in Geneva followed the division of Vietnam that set in motion a series of events that turned Vietnam into a battle field. Analyse the statement with arguments. 

Napoleon had brought an end to the democracy that had been achieved in France after the long-drawn French revolution. His constant attacks on other countries too had earned him the image of an oppressor and an aggressive conqueror. However, his administrative reforms introduced were very effective and well -crafted. Few of these policies are as follows:

• Established equality before law. 
• Abolished all privileges based on birth. 
• Granted the right to property to French citizens. 
• Simplified administrative divisions. 
• Abolished feudal system and freed peasants from serfdom.

OR

The Geneva negotiation on one hand did lead to the division of Vietnam and on the other pushed Vietnam to wards an era of conquests. The French had long attempted to over power the forces of NLF with the help of Bao dai. However, they were defeated. The Vietnamese on the other hand had to accept the division of the country into two halves, Ho Chi Minh taking control of the communist bloc in the North and  Bao   Dai taking control of South. This division , proved to be disastrous for the Vietnam, as it resulted into  a political turmoil bringing about conflict in the region , leading to loss of life and property. The  Bao Dai regime was soon overthrown by a coup led by Ngo Dinh Diem. Diem built a repressive and authoritarian government and did not tolerate any opposition. Diem retained a French law that permitted Christianity but outlawed Buddhism. National Liberation Front (NLF) with the support of Ho chi Minh fought for the unification of country. The US also feared the spread of communism and so got involved in the war. The following war is one of the most criticised war ever fought in history of mankind.