Short Answer TypeWith the help of any two suitable examples explain the effect of anthropogenic actions on organic evolution.
(a) Why is human ABO blood group gene considered a good example of multiple alleles?
(b) Work out a cross up to F1 generation only, between a mother with blood group A (Homozygous) and the father with blood group B (Homozygous). Explain the pattern of inheritance exhibited.
Describe the structure of a RNA polynucleotide chain having four different types of nucleotides.
Differentiate between inbreeding and outbreeding in cattle. State one advantage and one disadvantage for each one of them.
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Inbreeding in cattle. |
Outbreeding in cattle. |
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1. Mating of more closely related individuals. |
1. Mating of unrelated animals. |
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2. Mating is between animals of same breed for 4-6 generations. |
2. Mating is between individuals of the same breed but having no common ancestors for 4-6 generations or between different breeds or different species. |
Advantage of inbreeding
It increases homozygosity and is used for developing pure lines.
Disadvantage of inbreeding
It causes inbreeding depression, which results in loss in fertility and productivity.
Advantage of outbreeding
It produces hybrids with desirable characters like better lactation period and high milk productions.
Disadvantage of outbreeding
The success rate of crossing in outbreeding is fairly low and the animal produced is not always fertile.
(a) Why are the fruit juices bought from market clearer as compared to those made at home?
(b) Name the bioactive molecules produced by Trichoderma polysporum and Monascus purpureus.
(a) Why are transgenic animals so called?
(b) Explain the role of transgenic animals in
(i) Vaccine safety
(ii) Biological products with the help of an example each.
Explain mutualism with the help of any two examples. How is it different from commensalism?
Long Answer Type(a) Draw a diagrammatic sectional view of a mature anatropous ovule and label the following parts in it:
(i) that develops into seed coat.
(ii) that develops into an embryo after fertilization.
(iii) that develops into an endosperm in an albuminous seed.
(iv) through which the pollen tube grains entry into the embryo sac.
(v) that attaches the ovule to the placenta.
(b) Describe the characteristic features of wind pollinated flowers.
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