Short Answer TypeOut of many papaya plants growing in your garden, only a few bear fruits. Give reason.
Write the two limitations of traditional breeding technique that led to promotion of micro-propagation.
Mention two advantages of micro propagation.
Give two examples where it is commercially adopted.
It is generally observed that the children who had suffered from chicken - pox in their childhood may not contract the same disease in their adulthood. Explain giving reasons the basis of such an immunity in an individual. Name this kind of immunity.
How do homologous organs represent divergent evolution ? Explain with the help of a suitable example.
Name two hormones that are constituents of contraceptive pills. Why do they have high and effective contraceptive value ? Name a commonly prescribed non-steroidal oral pill.
(a) What do 'Y' and 'B' stand for in 'YAC' and 'BAC' used in Human Genome Project (HGP). Mention their role in the project.
(b) Write the percentage of the total human genome that codes for proteins and the percentage of discovered genes whose functions are known as observed during HGP.
(c) Expand 'SNPs' identified by scientists in HGP.
Explain enzyme-replacement therapy to treat adenosine deaminase deficiency. Mention two disadvantages of this procedure.
Enzyme replacement therapy
In enzyme replacement therapy functional ADA is given to the patient by injection
1) Lymphocyte from the blood of the patient are given in a culture outside the body
2) A functional ADA cDNA ( using a retroviral vector ) is introduced into the lymphocyte , which are Returned to the patient.
3) These cells are not immortal , the plant require them periodic infusion. 4) If the gene isolate from marrow cells producing ADA is introduced into the cells at early embryonic stage, it could be permanent cure.
TWO DISADVANTAGES OF THIS PROCEDURE
i.These cells do not always remain alive.
ii. Patient required periodic infusion of genetically engineered lymphocyte.
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