Short Answer TypeMention any two changes that were observed after 1900 BCE in Harappan civilisation. What could have brought these changes ? Explain.
“The mid first millennium BCE is often regarded as a major turning point in world history.” Justify.
Highlight any four aspects observed by the Portuguese Traveller Barbosa on the Urban Core of the Vijayanagara Empire.
State the inherent problems faced by Al-Biruni in the task of understanding Indian Social and Brahmanical practices. Mention any two sources that provided him the support.
How did Indian hill stations become racial enclaves for the Europeans in the 19th century ? Explain two reasons.
“The battle between the hoe and the plough was a long one”. Substantiate the statement with reference to the Santhals and Paharis of Raj Mahal Hills during 18th century.
Examine how Lord Dalhousie’s policy of annexation created dissatisfaction amongst the people of Awadh.
Lord Dalhousie’s policy of annexation:
i. Imposition of Subsidiary Alliance reduced the powers of the Nawab. Soon after the Nawab was dethroned by the British and exiled on the basis of misgovernment. Many people followed the Nawab when he left Lucknow
ii. Dissolution of the court and its culture led many people to lost their livelihood. There was widespread sense of grief and loss
iii. The sepoys of the British army who came from Awadh carried over their grievances to the sepoy lines
iv. The new land revenue system introduced by the British imposed high taxes and was unpopular. The dissatisfaction resulted in a popular revolt.
Read the following passage and answer the question that follows :
Every citizen in a free state should be treated in a manner that satisfied not only his material wants but also his spiritual sense of the self respect and the majority community has an obligation to try and understand the problems of the minorities and empathise with their aspiration.
How could a citizen of a free nation express his imbibed values of equality and social justice while dealing with the members of the minority community ? Explain.
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