20.

What are the causes of ‘Flat-Foot’ and ‘Knock-Knees ? Suggest physical Activities as corrective measures for these deformities.

Flat foot-Our feet act as the base of support for the body in standing,walking,running and jumping.The children with flatfoot deformity cannot be efficient sportspersons.Such children feel pain in feet.They face problem in standing and walking.

Causes of Flatfoot :The main cause of flat foot is weak muscles.Weak muscles of the foot cannot bear the body weight.Hence feet become flat or without arches.Along with this rapid increase in body weight,improper shoes,carrying heavy weight for a longer period are also the causes of flat foot.
Exercises related to Flat foot:1.Jumping on toes for sometime.
                                           2.Perform rope skipping
                                           3.Perform up and downs the heels.
                                           4.Walking on toes.

Knock knees:It is one of the major postural deformities.In this deformity,both the knees knock or touch each other in normal standing position.The gap between ankles goes on increasing.He cannot walk or run in a proper manner.
Causes :Generally,the lack of balanced diet specially vitamin'D',calcium and phosphorus is the main cause of knock knees.It may also be due to rickets.Obesity,flatfoot,and carrying heavy weight in early age may be other possible causes of knock knees.
Exercises related to knock knees:1.Horse -riding is one of the best exersise for correction of knock knees.
 2.Use of walking  calipers may be beneficial.
3.Perform padmasana and gomukhasana regularly.