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# CBSE Physics 2011 Exam Questions

#### Short Answer Type

11.

A current is induced in coil C1 due to the motion of current carrying coil C2.

(a) Write any two ways by which a large deflection can be obtained in the galvanometer G.

(b) Suggest an alternative device to demonstrate the induced current in place of galvanometer.

a) Two ways by which we can obtain deflection in the galvanometer is by:

i) Moving coil C2 towards C1 with high speed.

ii) By placing a soft iron laminated core at the centre of coil C1.

b) By replacing galvanometer with the torch bulb in coil C1, one can demonstrate the induced current. The bulb begins to glow as a result of the induced current.

2306 Views

12.

State Biot-Savart law, giving the mathematical expression for it.

Use this law to derive the expression for the magnetic field due to a circular coil carrying current at a point along its axis.

How does a circular loop carrying current behave as a magnet?

Biot-Savart law states that the magnetic field strength (dB) produced due to a current element of current I and length dl at a point having position vector  to current element is given by,

where,   is permeability of free space.

The magnitude of magnetic field is given by,

is the angle between the current element and position vector.

Magnetic field at the axis of a circular loop:

Consider a circular loop of radius R carrying current I. Let, P be a point on the axis of the circular loop at a distance x from its centre O.

Let,  be a small current element at point A.

Magnitude of magnetic induction dB at point P due to this current element is given by,

The direction of  is perpendicular to the plane containing
Angle between

Therefore,

... (2)

The magnetic induction  can also be resolved into two components, PM and PN’ along the axis and perpendicular to the axis respectively. Thus if we consider the magnetic induction produced by the whole of the circular coil, then by symmetry the components of magnetic induction perpendicular to the axis will be cancelled out, while those parallel to the axis will be added up.

Thus, resultant magnetic induction  at axial point P is given by,

Therefore the magnitude of resultant magnetic induction at axial point P due to the whole circular coil is given by,

B =

If the coil contains N turns, then  is the required magnetic field.

A magnetic needle placed at the center and axis of a circular coil shows deflection. This implies that a circular coil behaves as a magnet.

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13.

Show graphically, the variation of the de-Broglie wavelength () with the potential (V) through which an electron is accelerated from rest.

Wavelength is inversely proportional to the potential.

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14.

In the circuit shown, R1 = 4 Ω, R2 = R3 = 15 Ω, R4 = 30 Ω and E = 10 V. Calculate the equivalent resistance of the circuit and the current in each resistor.

Given, R1 = 4 Ω, R2 = R3 = 15 Ω, R4 = 30 Ω and E = 10 V

Here, R2 , R3 and R4 are connected parallel to each other.

Therefore, equivalent resistance is given by,

Now, R1 is in series with R. So, equivalent resistance is given by,

Current I1 is given by,                   ... (1)

This current is divided at A into three parts I2, I3, I4 .

... (2)
Also,

Now, putting the values of  and  in (2), we get

Thus, I1 = 1A, I2 = I3 = 0.4 A and I4 = 0.2 A.

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15.

With the help of a labelled diagram, state the underlying principle of a cyclotron. Explain clearly how it works to accelerate the charged particles.

Show that cyclotron frequency is independent of energy of the particle. Is there an upper limit on the energy acquired by the particle? Give reason.

Underlying principle of cyclotron: When a charged particle is kept in a magnetic field it experiences a force and the perpendicular magnetic field causes the particle to rotate.

Working:

Consider the figure which is shown.

A Dee which is at a negative potential accelerates the positive ions which are produced from the source S. Magnetic field which is perpendicular will move the ions in a circular motion inside the Dees. The magnetic field and the frequency of the applied voltages are so chosen that as the ion comes out of a Dee, the Dees change its polarity (positive becoming negative and vice-versa) and the ion is further accelerated.

Now, the ions move with higher velocity along a circular path of greater radius. The phenomenon is continued till the ion reaches at the periphery of the Dees where an auxiliary negative electrode (deflecting plate) deflects the accelerated ion on the target to be bombarded.

Expression for cyclotron frequency:

Let the velocity of the positive ion having charge ‘q’ be ‘v’.

Then,

;m is the mass of ion, r the radius of the path of ion in the dee and B is the strength of the magnetic field.

Angular velocity of the ion is given by,

Now, time taken by the ion in describing a semi-circle i.e., turning through an angle  is given by,

The applied alternating potential should also have the same semi-periodic time (T/2) as that taken by the ion to cross either Dee.

That is,

, is the expression for period of revolution.
So, Frequency of revolution of particle is given by,

This frequency is called the cyclotron frequency which is independent of the speed of the particle.

1544 Views

16.

In a transistor, doping level in base is increased slightly. How will it affect (i) collector current and (ii) base current?

When doping level is increased in base,

i) collector current decreases

ii) base current increases slightly.

1277 Views

17.

Using Gauss's law obtains the expression for the electric field due to a uniformly charged thin spherical shell of radius R at a point outside the shell. Draw a graph showing the variation of electric field with r, for r > R and r < R.

Electric field intensity at a point outside a uniformly charged thin spherical shell:

Consider a uniformly charged thin spherical shell of radius R carrying charge Q. Let us assume a spherical Gaussian surface of radius r (>R), concentric with the given shell inorder to find the electric field outside the shell.

If  is the electric field outside the shell, then by symmetry electric field strength has same magnitude Eo on the Gaussian surface and is directed radially outward. Also, the direction of normal at each point is radially outward. So, angle between
Therefore, electric flux through Gaussian surface,

Now, charge enclosed by the Gaussian surface is Q [Gaussian surface is outside the given charged shell].

Therefore, using Gauss theorem,

This is the required electric field outside a given thin charged shell.

If  is the surface charge density of the spherical shell, then

Electric field inside the shell:

If is the electric field inside the shell, then by symmetry electric field strength has the same magnitude Ei on the Gaussian surface and is directed radially outward. Also the directions of normal at each point are radially outward. So angle between Ei and  is zero at each point.

Thus, electric flux through Gaussian surface is 0 because of the absence of the charge.

The below graph shows the variation of electric field with r, for r >R and r < R.

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18.

Define the terms (i) drift velocity, (ii) relaxation time.

A conductor of length L is connected to a dc source of emf ε. If this conductor is replaced by another conductor of same material and same area of cross-section but of length 3L, how will the drift velocity change?

i) Drift velocity: The electrons drift towards the direction of positive potential, whenever a potential difference is applied across the conductor. The small average velocity of free electrons along the direction of positive potential is called the drift velocity.

Drift velocity is denoted by vd.

ii) Relaxation time: The time for which an electron moves freely between two successive collisions of electron with lattice ions/atoms is called the relaxation time.

Drift velocity is given by,

where L is the length of the conductor,

is the emf of the DC source,

L is the length of the conductor.

When, the conductor is replaced by another conductor of length 3L, drift- velocity will become one-third because both of them are inversely proportional to each other.

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19.

When monochromatic light travels from one medium to another its wavelength changes but frequency remains the same, Explain.

When monochromatic light travels from one medium to another it’s wavelength and speed both changes and the frequency remains unchanged.

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20.

Two convex lenses of same focal length but of aperture A1 and A2 (A2 < A1), are used as the objective lenses in two astronomical telescopes having identical eyepieces. What is the ratio of their resolving power? Which telescope will you prefer and why? Give reason.

Resolving power is given by, R =  ; where A is the aperture.

Magnification of telescope is given by, m =

m is same for both.

Inorder to view the finer details of the object we use telescope of high resolving power.

Therefore, telescope having convex lens aperture A1 is used

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