’States have common but differentiated responsibilities towards environment.’ Analyses the statement giving suitable Examples. 

                                                                                  Or

Analyse India‘s stand on environmental issues. 

What was the Soviet System? Assess any four features of the Soviet System.

Examine the relevance of the Non- aligned Movement after the Cold War era.

Study the passage given below carefully and answer the questions that follow:

The best way to respond to regional aspirations is through democratic negotiations rather than through suppression. Look at the situation in the eighties- militancy had erupted in Punjab; problems were persisting in the North-East; students in Assam were agitating; Kashmir Valley was on the boil. Instead of treating these as simple law and order problems, the Government of India reached negotiated settlement with regional movements.

 Questions:

 (i) How are regional aspirations dangerous for the unity of the country?

 (ii) What is meant by democratic negotiations?

 (iii) Who was leading the agitation in Assam?

 (iv) What steps were taken by the Government of India to respond to the regional aspiration?

                                                                     OR

Study the passage given below and answer the question that follow.

 In fact, the BSP under Kanshi Ram‘s leadership was envisaged as an organization based on pragmatic politics. It derived confidence from the fact that the Bahujans (SCs, STs, OBCs and religious minorities) constituted the majority of the population and were a formidable political force on the strength of their numbers.

 Questions:

 (i) Which organization was formed by Kanshi Ram?

 (ii) Give the full form of BSP?

(iii) Name any two religious minorities?

(iv) Why are the Bahujans considered a formidable political force?

Explain any three consequences of partition of British India in 1947. 

Explain the process and basis of the reorganisation of States of Indian Union.

35.

 ‘Was the declaration of emergency in 1975 necessary?’ Support your answer with any three suitable arguments.

                                                                    Or

Explain any three lessons learnt from the emergency imposed in 1975.