29.

Why are land reforms necessary? Discuss their impact on Indian after independence.

On account of low productivity, dependence on imported food grains, and the intense poverty of a large section of the rural, Land reforms are necessary not only to boost agricultural growth but also to eradicate poverty in rural areas and bring about social justice.
The impact of land reforms after independence:

1. From the 1950s to the 1970s, a series of land reform laws were passed – at the national level as well as in the states. The main aim of these laws was to change agrarian structure along with landholding system.
2. The most important and effective legislation was the abolition of the zamindari system, which removed the layer of intermediaries that stood between the cultivators and the state.
3. Among the other major land reform laws that were introduced were the tenancy abolition and regulation acts. They attempted either to outlaw tenancy altogether or to regulate rents to give some security to the tenants.
4.  One of the major categories of land reform laws were the Land Ceiling Acts. These laws imposed an upper limit on the amount of land that can be owned by a particular family. The ceiling varies from region to region, depending on the kind of land, its productivity, and other such factors.
5. The agrarian structure varies greatly across India, and the progress of land reforms has also been uneven across the states. On the whole, however, it can be said that the agrarian structure, although it has changed substantially from colonial times to the present, remains highly unequal.