Describe with example the grass-root democratic functioning in tribal areas.
Many tribal areas have had a rich tradition of grassroot democratic functioning. In this regard an example can be given from Meghalaya. Here, all the three major ethnic tribal groups, namely, the Khasis, Jaintias and the Garos have their own traditional political institutions that have existed for hundreds of years.
All these political institutions were fairly well-developed and functioned at various tiers, such as the village level, clan level and state level.
In the traditional political system of the Khasis each clan had its own council known as the ‘Durbar Kur’ which was presided over by the clan headman.
Though there is a long tradition of grassroot political institutions in Meghalaya, a large chunk of tribal areas lie outside the provisions of the 73rd Amendment. This may be because the concerned policy makers did not wish to interfere with the traditional tribal institutions.
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18.
Elaborate on three aspects of change in Colonial India as stated by Satish Saberwal.
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19.
Highlight the advantages and disadvantages of contract farming.
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