19.

Explain the impact of land reforms on Indian agriculture after independence.

Following is the impact of land reforms on Indian agriculture after independence:
(i) Abolition of Zamindari System: The legislation regarding the abolition of Zamindari System was probably the most effective. It succeeded in taking away the superior rights of Zamindars over the land and weakening their economic and political power.
(ii) Tenancy Abolition & Regulation Acts: These laws attempted either to outlaw tenancy altogether or to regulate rents to give some security to the tenants.
(iii) Land Ceiling Acts: These laws imposed an upper limit on the amount of land that can be owned by a particular family. The state is supposed to identify and take possession of surplus land and the excess collected was redistributed for agricultural purpose to the landless.
(iv) Led to Benami transfers: In most cases landowners managed to divide the land among relatives and others including servants, in so-called 'benami transfers' which allowed them to keep control over it.