33.

With reference to the cause of the Second World War answer the following :

(a) (i) Explain how the ideologies of Fascism and Nazism led to the Second World War.

(ii) How did the Japanese invasion of China create conditions for the Outbreak of the war?

(b) Explain the consequences of the war with reference to the formation of the United Nations.

(a) (i) Italy had to spend a lot of money during the first World War on her army and equipments. The government was not strong enough to maintain law and order in the state. In this situation of general lawlessness the fascist seized the power in Italy. They had an imperialistic attitude. Italy turned towards Germany and Japan and concluded a treaty of friendship leading to Berlin -Rome-Tokyo Axis in Opposition to Franco-British Alliance. In 1940, Italy entered the Second world War.

(ii) An important act of aggression after the First World was the invasion of China by Japan in 1931. China appealed to the League of Nations to declare sanctions against Japan but Britain and France, the leading members of the League did not give any attention. In 1933 Japan left the League and started occupying British and Americans properties in China but Britain and France followed the policy of appeasement thinking Japanese could be used to weaker China.

(b) The horrors of the Two World War and the failure of the League led to a meeting of the Big three - Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin in February 1945. They resolved to convene a conference of the representatives of all nations to draw up the Charter of the UN. This led to the establishment of the UN on October 24, 1945.