Long Answer TypeWith reference to the Union Legislature, answer the following questions:
(a) How is the Speaker of the Lok Sabha elected? State any two Disciplinary Functions of the Speaker.
(b) Explain any two conditions under which a member of Parliament can be disqualified under the Anti Defection Law.
(c) Give reasons to justify why the Lok Sabha is considered to be more powerful than the Rajya Sabha.
The President of India is the Constitutional Head of the Indian Republic. In this context, answer the following questions:
(a) How is the President elected?
(b) Mention three types of Emergencies that the President is empowered to proclaim.
(c) Explain briefly any four ‘Executive Powers’ of the President.
(a) The President is indirectly elected by the members of the Electoral College consisting of:
i. The elected members of both houses of Parliament
ii. The elected members of the State Legislature Assemblies, including the National Capital Territory of Delhi and the Union Territory of Puducherry.
iii. A presidential candidate will have to be proposed by 50 members of the Electoral College (MPs and MLAs) and seconded by another 50 members.
(b) The President is empowered to proclaim the following three types of emergencies:
i. National Emergency: If there is a danger of foreign aggression or danger to the peace and security of the country because of civil war, insurgency or any other such cause.
ii. Breakdown of Constitutional Machinery: If the constitutional machinery has broken down or there is a deadlock because of political uncertainties or otherwise (Article 356).
iii. Financial Emergency: If a setback to the financial stability or credit feasibility of the country has occurred or is likely to occur.
(c) The four ‘Executive Powers’ of the President are:
i. The President is the head of the Indian Union. All executive orders are issued by the Prime Minister and his cabinet in the name of the President.
ii. All key appointments are made in the name of the President on the advice of the Prime Minister and his cabinet. The President appoints the Prime Minister (the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha) and his Council of Ministers on the advice of the Prime Minister.
iii.The Chief Justice and the judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts.
iv. The Governors of the states, Lt-Governors and the Chief Commissioners of the Union Territories the Attorney General, the Comptroller and the Auditor General of India.
The Supreme Court has extensive jurisdiction. In the light of this statement, answer the following questions:
(a) What are the qualifications of the Judges of the Supreme Court?
(b) (i) Explain the composition of Supreme Court.
(ii) How are the judges of the Supreme Court appointed?
(c) Explain the cases in which the Supreme Court enjoys Original Jurisdiction.
Explain the causes of the Great Revolt of 1857 with reference to the following:
(a) Any three political causes.
(b) Any three military causes.
(c) Any four economic causes.
Through various national movements, Gandhiji mobilised public support to win freedom for India. In this context, state the following:
(a) Any three causes for Gandhiji to launch the Non-Cooperation Movement.
(b) The name given to the uprising of 1942. Two reasons for launching this mass uprising.
(c) The impact of the Non-Cooperation Movement in India’s freedom struggle.
The partition of Bengal and the formation of the Muslim League were two important events that had an impact on the national struggle for independence. In this context, explain the following:
(a) Impact of the Swadeshi and Boycott movements as part of the Anti-Partition Movement.
(b) Any three factors relating to the formation of the Muslim League.
(c) Objective of the Muslim League.
(a) Identify the leader in the picture. Give two examples to state that the leader followed an expansionist policy.
(b) State three factors that led to the rise of Fascism.
(c) State four similarities between the ideologies of Nazism and Fascism.
With reference to the United Nations and its related agencies, answer the following questions:
(a) Explain any three functions of the WHO.
(b) State the composition of the International Court of Justice.
(c) State any four functions of the General Assembly.
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