Write short notes on radiocarbon dating.   from Class 12 ISC P

Subject

Physics

Class

ICSE Class 12

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Sample Papers

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 Multiple Choice QuestionsShort Answer Type

21. An ionized helium particle (+2e) is situated at the origin (0, 0). How much work is done in taking an electron from x = 3 cm to x = 6 cm? 
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22. Given that the resistance of the voltmeter is 400 Ω, find the voltmeter’s reading.


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23. Show that the radius of a charged particle entering perpendicularly in a magnetic field is directly proportional to its momentum.    
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24. Find the inductance of a choke coil needed to run an arc lamp, with an a.c. source of 100 V supply at 50 Hz. The arc runs at 10 amp. current and has an effective resistance of 4 Ω.   
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25. State any five electromagnetic waves and arrange them in the increasing order of their penetrating power.
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26.

What type of wave front is produced by: 

(i) Point source of light (ii) Line source of light

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27. Define dispersive power. The dispersive power of an achromatic doublet is 2/3 and the combined focal length of the combination is 30 cm. Find the focal length of each lens stating its nature.
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28.

Calculate the focal length of a concave lens with the help of the above ray diagram. Focal length of convex lens is 20 cm.  
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29.

A fish is located at a distance of 10 cm from the wall of a fish pond. The thickness of the glass wall is 2 cm. Find the apparent position of the fish. (Given

aμg = 3/2 and aμw= 4/3) 

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30. Write short notes on radiocarbon dating.  


Radio Carbon dating : The isotope of the C-atom i.e. straight C presubscript 6 presuperscript 14 as half-life period of 5568 years. Carbon Isotope is produced from atmospheric nitrogen by collision of neutrons. When the plant and animals absorbs carbon from C0 (carbon dioxide) presented in atmosphere. Thus, the isotope of straight C presubscript 6 presuperscript 14 is in the same proportion for plants and animals in the atmosphere. When the organism dies, no more straight C presubscript 6 presuperscript 14 is taken in and it starts decaying within organism. So by measuring the amount 14C left in organism, its age can be determined.

Let n0 be the number of straight C presubscript 6 presuperscript 14 in organism at death time t = 0.

When, 

straight C presubscript 6 presuperscript 14 space to space straight C presubscript 6 presuperscript 12 space rightwards double arrow space straight N presubscript 7 presuperscript 12 space to space space straight N presubscript 7 presuperscript 12 space

Then.

No. space of space straight C presubscript 6 presuperscript 14 space and space straight C presubscript 6 presuperscript 14 space is space equal space to space straight n subscript straight o space at space straight t space equals space 0 semicolon space

straight n subscript straight o space equals space straight N presuperscript 12 space plus space straight N presuperscript 14 space space space space space space space space space space space... space left parenthesis straight i right parenthesis thin space

We space see space by space the space radioactive space law comma space

straight N presuperscript 14 space equals space straight n subscript straight o space straight e to the power of negative straight lambda end exponent space space space space space space space space space space space space space space space... space left parenthesis ii right parenthesis

straight lambda space is space the space constant. space

From space eqn. space left parenthesis straight i right parenthesis space and space left parenthesis ii right parenthesis comma space we space get

straight N presuperscript 14 space space equals space open parentheses straight N presuperscript 12 space plus space straight N presuperscript 14 close parentheses space straight e to the power of negative λt end exponent

rightwards double arrow space straight e to the power of negative λt end exponent space equals space fraction numerator straight N presuperscript 12 over denominator straight N presuperscript 14 end fraction space plus space 1

rightwards double arrow space straight t space equals space 1 over straight lambda space log subscript straight e space open parentheses fraction numerator straight N presuperscript 12 over denominator straight N presuperscript 14 end fraction space plus space 1 close parentheses

rightwards double arrow space straight t space equals space fraction numerator 2.303 space over denominator straight lambda end fraction space log subscript straight e space open parentheses fraction numerator straight N presuperscript 12 over denominator straight N presuperscript 14 end fraction space plus space 1 close parentheses

But space straight t space equals space 5568 space years space

straight lambda space equals space fraction numerator 0.993 over denominator 5568 end fraction space equals space 1.24 space straight x space 10 to the power of negative 4 end exponent space yr to the power of negative 1 end exponent
 
Now a days the carbon dating technique is useful for research and dating of archeological things.

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