NEET Biology Solved Question Paper 2009

A nephron is made of two parts Malpighian corpuscle and tubule. Tubule consists of Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT), loop of Henle and distal convoluted tubule. 

The proximal tubule is the segment of the nephron in kidneys which begins from the renal pole of the Bowman's capsule to the beginning of loop of Henle. The distal convoluted tubule (DCT) is a portion of kidney nephron between the loop of Henle and the collecting tubule.

Vagus or pneumogastric is a mixed nerve, which originates from side of medulla oblongata. It has 5 branches

(i) superior laryngeal

(ii) recurrent laryngeal

(iii) cardiac

(iv) pneumogastric

(v) depressor.

Gonadotropic hormones, eg, gonadotrophins are of two types : Follicular stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. These hormones are secreted from anterior pituitary gland. Gonads secrete sex hormones and posterior pituitary gland secretes oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone.

Cardiac impulse (heart beat) normally originate from the pace-maker (SA node).

Pectoral girdle or shoulder girdle is composed of two separate halves. Each half consists of the scapula or shoulder bone, coracoid process and clavicle or collar bone. At the junction of scapula and clavicle, is a concave depression, called glenoid cavity, which articulates with the head of the humerus to form a ball and socket joint.

Sphygmomanometer, commonly called blood pressure apparatus, is an instrument for measuring blood pressure.

Electrocardiograph is a machine used for electrocardiography.

X- rays are a type of radiation called electromagnetic waves.

Electroencephalograph is a machine used for electroencephalography.

Dup (a second heart sound) occurred by closing the semilunar valve when high pressure developed in aorta and pulmonary artery tends to force some blood back towards the ventricle.

Posterior pituitary gland is the back portion of the pituitary. It is a small gland in the head called the master gland. It does not synthesize any hormone but stores and releases two hormones ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone) and Oxytocin.

Antidiuretic hormone is released in response to a fall in the water content of blood plasma and leads to an increase in the permeability to water of the distal and collective tubules of the nephron in the kidney so that water is retained in the blood plasma.

Oxytocin causes contraction of the uterus during birth and the ejection of milk from the nipple.

Ambulacral system or water vascular system is a characteristic feature of echinoderms. This system comprises the system of canals and tube feet. Tube feet are also a characteristic feature of echinoderms, which help in adhesion, respiration, food capturing and locomotion.

Earthworms are of great economic importance for man. These are the natural plougman which make the soil porous and fertile. These are also used in medicines for piles, gout, diarrhoea, jaundice, stones of bladder and sexual impotency earthworms are also used as bait for fishes.