Podocytes or cvisceral epithelial cells are the cells in Bowman's capsule in the kidneys that wrap around the capillaries of glomerules. They create minute pores (slit pores) for the filtration of blood into the Bowman's capsule.

There are two types of photoreceptor cells of retina, namilyrods and cones. The rods contain a purplish red protein called the rhodopsin or visual purple, which contains a derivative of vitamin - A. 

In human milk protein digesting enzyme in stomach is pepsin.In calves it is renin.It is alos present in small amounts in human infants but not adults. Pepsin acts on water soluble 'caseinogen (milk protein) to form soluble 'casein'. This combines with calcium salts to form insoulble calcium paracaseinate, which gets readily digested enzymatically.

The Golgi apparatus principally performs the function of packaging materials. Golgi apparatus is the main site of formation of glycoproteins and glycolipids.

A fed batch is a biotechnological batch process which is based on feeding of growth limiting nutrient substrate to a culture continuous addition of sugars in fed batch fermentation is done to purify enzymes.

The outermost cell layer of the endosperm (3n) of seed is called aleurone layer. Since the cells of aleurone layer are triploid, the number of chromosomes would be = 63, as root tip cells (2n) has 42 chromosomes.

In metaphase of mitosis, spindle fibres attach to kinetochore of chromosomes. Chromosomes are moved to spindle equator and get aligned along meta phasic plate through spindle fibres to both poles.

Methanogens are present in the git of several ruminants animals such as cows and buffaloes and they are responsible for the production of methan (biogas) from the dung of these animals. Thus, they are most abundant in a cattle yard. 

Fibringoen (factor 1) is a soluble plasma glycoprotein, synthesised by the liver. It is converted by thrombin inot fibrin during blood coagulation. Fibrin is the cross - linked by factor XIII to form a clot.