NEET Biology Solved Question Paper 2011

The electrical activity of exposed animal brain is recorded by Electroencephalograph (EEG). It is useful to find out whether the person is alert awake or asleep.

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is secreted from pituitary gland. It controls structure and functioning of adrenal cortex especially secretion of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoides.

Gastric glands are tubular glands formed by surface epithelium of stomach. Endocrine cells (G-cells) are usually present in basal parts of gastric glands. These secrete and store the hormone gastrin. It stimulates the gastric glands to release the gastric juice.

The heart is formed of cardiac muscles which have the property of excitability and conductivity. When the cardiac muscles are stimulated by a specific stimulus these got excited and initiate the waves (depolarization) of electric potential called cardiac impulse. Cardiac impulse is propagated through SA node $\to$ AV node $\to$ Bundle of His $\to$ Purkinje fibres.

An imino acid is any molecule that contains both imino (>C=NH) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups. Eg, Proline and Hydroxy proline. 

Methionine and cysteine are sulphur containing amino acids.

The main difference between Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria is the cell wall. The cell wall of Gram negative bacteria contain peptidoglycan (10%), lipopolysaccharides, lipoprotein and phospholipid, while cell wall of Gram positive bacteria contain peptidoglycan (60-90%), teichoic acid and lipids.

Ciliated columnar epithelium consists of single layer of ciliated rectangular cells. It is found in inner surface of bronchi, bronchioles, fallopian tube, oviduct and neurocoel of CNS.

All the ventricles ofbrain and central canal of spinal cord contain lymph-like extracellular fluid called cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The total amount of CSF present in and around central nervous system is 80-150 mL. CSF contains glucose, proteins, lactic acid, urea, Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl^-, HCO^3- and some WBCs.

Cretinism refers to severe hypothyroidism in an infant or child.This person has slow body growth and mental development of reduced metabolic rate. Myxoedema is caused by deficiency of thyroid hormone in adults.

Proximal convoluted tubule of nephron is pivotal site for reabsorption of glucose, amino acids, Na⁺, K⁺ by active transport. Here, 80% of water is reabsorbed by passive transport.