Diploblastic animals have two primary germ layers ectoderm and endoderm as in Porifera, Coelenterata and Ctenophora. Sponges belong to Phylum- Porifera, Cindarian belongs to Phylum- Coelenterata and tenophora belongs to Phylum- Ctenophora.

Cosmarium commonly known as desmid and member of green algae has highly porous cell wall and these pores keep on secreting mucilage.

Stigma is the receptacle part of the carpel ,which is the female floral whorl. During the process of fertilisation, pollen grains get deposited on the stigma. A long and feathery stigma is generally found in flowers pollinated by wind. Their feathery nature helps in trapping pollen grains transported by wind.

The type of modification when petiole of leaf is modified into lamina or leaf blade like structure it is known as phyllode. It is only Australian species which forms phyllodes.

Pinus is a large and economically important genus of coniferous evergreen trees chiefly of temperate regions of the northern hemisphere that includes a number which yield products (as pine tar) with medicinal applications. Winged seed and pollen grain is the
characteristic feature of Pinus.

Fern and Funaria are not seed producers as they are cryptogams whereas Ficus and Pinus are spermaphyta.

Cynodon is a genus of plants in the grass family. It has runners.

Chrysanthemums or mums or chrysanths, are flowering plants of the genus Chrysanthemum in the family Asteraceae. It is propogated vegetatively either through root suckers or terminal cuttings.

Podostemon is a thalloid of assimilatory roots clinging to nodes by hyptera. Short living shoots grow from this root.

Liverwort is a small flowerless green plant with leaf like stems or lobed leaves, occurring in moist habitats. It lack true roots and reproduce by means of spores released from capsules. The Golden mine of liverworts is Eastern Himalayas. There are 320 endemic species of liverworts in this region.

Corm is a short vertical underground swollen stem which is fleshy and solid as seen in Gladiolus, Crocus and Colocasia.