NEET Biology Solved Question Paper 2012

Symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria and Cyanobacteria are found in association to plant. The most common symbiotic bacteria is Rhizobium.
In dicot stem, the cambium present between xylem and phloem in vascular bundles is called fascicular or intrafascicular cambium. Besides this some cells of medullary rays also become meristematic and called interfascicular cambium.

RH Whittaker (1969) divided all living organisms into five kingdoms namely Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.

The spore of Equisetum germinate shortly after shedding and give rise to form prothallus. Prothalli of Equisetum are basically monoecious and the gametophytes are rarely seen.
The simplest known sporophyte among bryophytes is that of Riccia while highest evolved known is Bryopsida (Polytrichum, Pogonatum).
Sexual reproduction in Volvox is oogamous type.
The spores in slime molds (e.g., Physarum) are haploid, unicellular usually globose with smooth, spiny or reticulately thickened cell walls.

There are three factors which govern the flowering in angiosperms. These factors are completion of juvenile phase and attaintment of mature or adult phase, suitable light and proper temperature. 

Autotrophs are organisms which are capable of synthesizing their food themselves from organic and inorganic substances.

Salvinia is a heterosporoues water fern. The microsporangia and megasporangia are borne within special reproductive structure called sporocarps. These are borne terminally in clusters on the segment of submerged leaves. Sporocarps are strictly monosporangiate, i.e., they bear either only microsporangia or megasporangia.
Viroids are single stranded RNA molecules. The female reproductive organ is archegonia in gymnosperms.

Carboxypeptidase is synthesized and secreted by the exocrine cells of pancreas. Zn²⁺ is required for the activity of carboxypeptidase, carbonic anhydrase and alcohol dehydrogenase.

Pea-C₃-pathway, non-endospermic seed, vexillary aestivation. 
Tomato-Twisted aestivation, axile placentation, berry fruit. 
Maize -C₄- pathway, closed vascular bundle.
Onion-Bulb, axile placentation, perianth.

Ribosomes are smallest known electron microscopic ribonucleoprotein particles attached either to endoplasmic reticulum, floating free in cytoplasm and also found in mitochondria and chloroplast (these are called organeller ribosomes). These are site of protein synthesis.