NEET Biology Solved Question Paper 2014

Tracheids and vessels both are called tracheary elements because their main function is conduction of sap. They differ from each other in being inspectorate. Tracheids are the specific cells which pit to support upwards and lateral conduction of water sap. Tracheid are comparatively short and single cell, while vessels have more than one cell and up to 10 cm long.

RH Whittaker's classification is nor based on presence or absence of a well - defined nucleus. He gave five kingdom classification and used five criteria for delimiting kingdoms.

These are

both come under body organisation

(i) Complexity of cell structure

(ii) Complexity of body structure

(iii) Mode of nutrition

(iv) Ecological life cycle including mode of reproduction

(v)Phylogenetic relationship.

He divided organisms into five kingdoms as follows:

Kingdom  - Monera

Kingdom - Protista

Kingdom - Fungi

Kingdom - Plantae

Kingdom - Animalia

Microfilaments (actin filament) are the thinnest filaments of the cytoskeleton. They are found in the cytoplasm of the eukaryotic cells.
The constituents the cytoskeleton through which the cells acquire shape their diameter is approximate. (6 nm)

Potato (Solanum tubersosum) is an edible underground stem which becomes fleshy and tuberous as a result of food storage.

Archeabacteria different from eubacteria in that eubacteria has two cell membrane composed mainly of glycerol - ester lipids, while archaebacteria have a membrane made up of glycerol - ether lipid. Ether lipids are chemically more resistant then ester lipids. This stability help archaebacteria survive at high temperature and in very acidic or alkaline environment. 

During the S or synthetic phase, the DNA content double, i,e, from 2C to 4C for all diploid cells. The G₂ phase follows the S-phase and is called second growth phase or pre-mitotic gap phase. In G₂ phase the synthesis of DNA stops, therefore, the DNA level remains 4C if initial was 2C

However, the formation of RNA and protein continues as they are required for the multiplication of cell organelles, spindle formation and cell growth. This amount becomes, half (i.e,) 2C only during anaphase (in mitosis) when chromosomes separate.

a) Centriole: In an organism with flagella and cilia, the position of these organelles is determined by the mother centriole which becomes the basal body.

b) Chlorophyll: Chlorophyll molecules are specially arranged in and around photosystem that is embedded in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast.

c) Cristae: These are folded in the inner membrane of mitochondria, which provides a large amount of surface area for chemical reaction.

d) Ribozymes (Ribonucleic acid enzymes) is an RNA molecule that is capable of catalysing the specific biochemical reaction of nucleic acids.

Dr. F went isolated auxin from Avena coleoptile tip. His experiment demonstrated the polar movement of auxins.

Peat is mainly an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation or organic matter and Sphagnum accumulations can store water since both living and dead plants can hold large quantities of water and living matter (like meat eggs) for long distance transport inside their cells hence, it is responsible for peat formation.