Only 1° alochol and 2° alcohol react withalkaline KMnO₄ .

$\underset{\mathrm{Alcohol}}{({\mathrm{CH}}_3{)}_2-\mathrm{CH}-\mathrm{OH}}$$\stackrel{{\mathrm{KMnO}}_4}{\to }$$\underset{\mathrm{Ketone}}{{\mathrm{CH}}_3-\stackrel{\underset{\left|\right|}{\mathrm{O}}}{\mathrm{C}}-{\mathrm{CH}}_3}$$\stackrel{\left[\mathrm{O}\right]}{\to }$$\underset{\mathrm{Acid}}{{\mathrm{CH}}_3\mathrm{COOH}}$

Formaldehyde reacts with ammonia toproduce urotropine as follows :

6HCHO + 4NH₃$\to$$\underset{\mathrm{Urotropine}}{({\mathrm{CH}}_2{)}_6{\mathrm{N}}_4}$+ 6H₂O

Lucas reagent (ZnCl₂/HCl)reacts fastest with3° alcohols such as 2 - methyl propanol - 2 [(CH₃)₃-C-OH] .

Phenol and benzoic acid can bedistinguished by NaHCO₃ .Beingstronger acid , only benzoic acid reactswith it .

Primary halide undergoes alkaline hydrolysis through SN²mechanism .

CH₃-CH(OH)-CH₃$\stackrel{{\mathrm{PCl}}_5}{\to }$ CH₃-CH(Cl)CH₃$\stackrel{\mathrm{alc}.\mathrm{KOH}}{\to }$CH₃-CH=CH₂$\underset{{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}/∆}{\overset{\mathrm{conc}.{\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4}{\to }}$Z

Aniline reacts with CHCl₃ and KOHas follows ;

$\underset{\mathrm{Aniline}}{{\mathrm{C}}_6{\mathrm{H}}_5{\mathrm{NH}}_2}$+ CHCl₃ + 3KOH(alc.)$\stackrel{∆}{\to }$$\underset{\mathrm{Phenyl}\mathrm{isocyanide}}{{\mathrm{C}}_6{\mathrm{H}}_5\mathrm{N}\overrightarrow{=}\mathrm{C}}$+ 3KCl + 3H₂O

Correct order of basic nature is :

CH₃NH₂>NH₃>C₆H₅NH₂

Hydra - acids of halogens in increasingorder of acidity :

HF < HCl < HBr < HI

As the strength of hydrogen bondingdecreases in the order of :

HF > HCl > HBr > HI

Phenol is acidic in nature and the acidicnature of phenol is increased by thepresence of - I (electron attracting) groupsat o - and / or p - position of the - OHgroup .However benzoic acid is moreacidic than nitro - phenol .