Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:
Buddhism in practice
This is an excerpt from the Sutta Pitaka, and contains the advice given by the Buddha to a wealthy householder named Sigala:
In five ways should a master look after his servants and employees … by assigning them work according to their strength, by supplying them with food and wages, by tending them in sickness; by sharing delicacies with them and by granting leave at times … In five ways should the clansmen look after the needs of samanas (those who have renounced the world) and Brahmanas: by affection in act and speech and mind, by keeping open house to them and supplying their worldly needs. There are similar instructions to Sigala about how to behave with his parents, teacher and wife.
(a) What advice was given by Buddha to Sigala regarding relationship between a master and his servants and employee?
(b) List the instructions given by Buddha to the clansmen for Samanas and Brahmanas.
(c) According to you what suggestion Buddha would have advocated regarding parents and teachers?
OR
A divine order?
To justify their claims, Brahmanas often cited a verse from a hymn in the Rigveda known as the Purusha sukta, describing the sacrifice of Purusha, the primeval man. All the elements of the universe, including the four social categories, were supposed to have emanated from his body:
The Brahmana was his mouth, of his arms was made the Kshatriya. His thighs became the Vaishya, of his feet the Shudra was born.
(a) How does Rigveda describe the sacrifice of Purusha?
(b) According to Rigveda how did the elements of universe and four social categories emanate?
(c) How did the Brahmanas enforce these norms?
(a) The advice given by Buddha to Sigala regarding relationship between a master and his servants. :
(i) By assigning them work according to their strength.
(ii) By supplying them with food and wages.
(iii) By tending them in sickness.
(b) List the instructions given by Buddha to the clansmen for Samanas & Brahmanas:
(i) By affection in act and speech and mind.
(ii) By keeping open house to them.
(c) The suggestion Buddha would have advocated regarding parents and teachers:
(i) To be respectful towards them.
(ii) Affection in action and speech.
(iii) Love and care for them.
OR
(a) Rigveda describes the sacrifice of Purusha as all the elements of the universe and all the four social categories, were supposed to have emanated from his body.
(b) According to Rigveda the elements of universe and four social categories emanated from his body. The Brahmana was his mouth, -his arms were made the Kshatriya. -His thighs became the Vaishya – off his feet the Shudra was born.
(c) The Brahmanas enforced these norms in the following ways:
(i) Advised kings to ensure that these norms were followed within their kingdoms.
(ii) They attempted to persuade people that their status was determined by birth.
