How and when were the ruins of Hampi brought to light? Explain briefly.  

The ruins at Hampi were brought to light in 1800 by an engineer and antiquarian named Colonel Colin Mackenzie.

(i) An employee of the English East India Company, he prepared the first survey map of the site.

(ii) Much of the initial information he received was based on the memories of priests of the Virupaksha temple and the shrine of Pampadevi.

(iii) Subsequently, from 1856, photographers began to record the monuments which enabled scholars to study them.

(iv) As early as 1836 epigraphists began collecting several dozen inscriptions found at this and other temples at Hampi.

(v) In an effort to reconstruct the history of the city and the empire, historians collated information from these sources with accounts of foreign travellers and other literature written in Telugu, Kannada, Tamil and Sanskrit.