Although chlorine is an electron withdrawing group, yet it is ortho-, Para-directing in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Explain why it is so?

Chlorine withdraws electrons through inductive effect and releases electrons through resonance. Through inductive effect, chlorine destabilises the intermediate carbocation formed during the Electrophilic substitution

Through resonance, halogen tends to stabilise the carbocation and the effect is more pronounced at ortho-and Para-position. The inductive effect is stronger than resonance and causes net electron withdrawal and thus causes net deactivation. The resonance effect tends to oppose the inductive effect for the attack at ortho-and Para-position and hence makes the deactivation less for ortho- and Para-attack. Reactivity is thus controlled, by the stronger inductive effect and orientation is controlled by a resonance effect.