Explain Mendel’s law of independent inheritance. Give one example.

Mendel’s law of independent assortment states that

When two pairs of traits are taken into consideration in a cross (dihybrid), one pair of character for a particular trait segregates independently of the other pair of character for a different trait. For example: In a dihybrid cross between two plants having round yellow (RRYY) and wrinkled green seeds (rryy) two traits are considered the colour of seed and shape of the seed. In this four types of gametes (RY, Ry, rY, ry) are produced. Each of these segregate independent of each other, each having a frequency of 25% of the total gametes produced. Thus the characters for the colour of the seed segregate independently from the characters of the shape of the seed.