(i) Overlapping differences: Some social differences overlap other differences. For example the differences between the Black and the Whites of United States of America. In America due to these circumstances, Blacks to be poor, homeless and generally discriminated against.
We can take second example from India. In our country Dalits tend to be poor and landless. They generally face social injustice and discrimination.
(ii) Cross-cutting social differences: If social differences cross-cut one another, it is difficult to compete one group of people against the other. It means the groups that show a common interest on one issue are slightly to be on different sides on a different issue. Hence, leading to a social division.
For example: Northern Ireland and Netherlands are dominantly Christian countries but divided between Catholics and Protestants. In Northern Irelands, class and religion overlap each other.
