‘The Habsburg Empire that ruled over Austria-Hungary was a patchwork of many different regions and peoples’. Analyse.
It was a patchwork because:
(i) It included the Alpine region of Tyrol, Austria and Sudetenland - as well as Bohemia, where the aristrocracy was predominantly German-Speaking.
(ii) It also included the Italian-speaking provinces of Lombardy and Venetia.
(iii) In Hungary, half of the population spoke Magyar while the other half spoke a variety of dialects. In Galicia, the aristrocracy spoke Polish.
Describe landed aristocracy as the dominant class.
Socially and politically, the landed aristocracy was the dominant class on the continent. The members of this class were united by a common way of life that cut across regional divisions.
(i) They owned estates in countryside and also town houses.
(ii) They spoke French for the purpose of diplomacy and in high society.
(iii) Their families were often connected by ties of marriage.What was Zollverein?
Zollverein was a custom union, formed in 1834 at the inititives of Prussia and joined by most of the German states. This union abolished tariff barriers and reduce the number of currencies from over 30 to two. It created a wave of economic nationalism which strengthened the wider nationalist sentiments growing at the time.
Write the three ideals that underlines the French revolution.
They are liberty, equality and fraternity.
How did United Kingdom incoporate Ireland?
Ireland was a country deeply divided between Catholics and Protestants. The English helped the Protestants of Ireland to impose their dominance over a largely Catholics country. Catholics revolts against British dominance were suppressed. After a failed revolt led by Wolfe Tone and his United Irishmen in 1798, Ireland was forcibly incorporated into the United Kingdom in 1801.
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