Crutical evaluation of Aristitles's Classification of states : 

i. Unscientific in Nature - Critics point out the Aristotle's view is based on quantitative basis, i.e. number of persons who hold sovereign power which seems to unscientific. 

ii. Classification of government and not of states - According to Lassics, Aristotle had infact named classification of government as classification of states.

iii. No real distinction between Oligarchy and Aristocracy - As as critics there is no clear demarcation between these two forms. 

iv. Inadequate classification - He failed to mention the existence of theocratic states which regarded god and religion and not the people as centre of all powers. 

v. Not applicable to modern states - Aristotle's classification of states is based upon his Greek experience only.He ceased to take an account of all the states.

vi. Classification of democracy as a perverted form is wrong - He should have named polity as democracy.

vii. Aristitotle Cycle theory is Unhistorical - He held that constitutions of the states keep on changing from one form to other till one cycle, the second cycle begins with monarchy again. 

viii. Rule of one man is not always Monarchy - Rule of man can be a dictatorship also. 

A federation is a political entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing states or regions under a central government. In a federation, the self-governing status of the component states, as well as the division of power between them and the central government, are typically constitutionally entrenched and may not be altered by a unilateral decision of either party, the states or the federal political body.

Merits :

i. The central government has no true way to understand what issues and changes need to be made in every area of the country. This is why federalism is such a great advantage. The smaller branches of the local governments are right in the middle of the local society. They are better suited to deal with the true things that need to be changed.

iii. One huge characteristic of federalism is the checks and balances that are in play. By not allowing one body of government to hold all power over the country, you help to prevent any harmful and negative things from happening to some areas of the country. This is why having multiple sectors of the government is so important in federalism.

iv. In a democracy people have a large say in what happens within the government. Federalism creates smaller local governments, and allows people to feel even more involved in the decisions and every day workings of their government. This makes people much more proud and excited about their country.

Demerits:

i. The biggest problem that arises when you have two bodies in power is the power struggle. Each sector wants to assert their power over the other. This can cause things like strikes and make the government much less effective than it could normally be.

ii. The mark of a great country is just how patriotic and prideful the citizens are to be a part of it. Federalism, since it promotes smaller level of government, it also promotes smaller levels of pride. It can begin to pit one region against another and take away from the feeling of patriotism that should be present all over the entire country.

iii. With the responsibility of the government being shared, it becomes very easy for one sector to release responsibility for the other, and vice versa. This can become a very large problem because if something goes wrong, both sides of the government can relinquish control for the responsibility.

iv.With two bodies of power fighting against each other, many things result in a compromise on important issues. Compromise, while sometimes can be a good thing, when you are dealing with life changing and vital policies, compromises will just not cut it.

it is a form of unitary government system in which a single power, which is known as the central government, controls the whole government. In fact, all powers and administrative divisions authorities lies at the central place. 

i. Unitary State - UK 

ii. Totalitarian State - China

Liberal democracy is a form of government. It is a representative democracy in which the ability of the elected representatives to exercise decision-making power is subject to the rule of law, and usually moderated by a constitution that emphasizes the protection of the rights and freedoms of individuals, and which places constraints on the leaders and on the extent to which the will of the majority can be exercised against the rights of minorities.

The rights and freedoms protected by the constitutions of liberal democracies are varied, but they usually include most of the following: rights to due process, privacy, property and equality before the law, and freedoms of speech, assembly and religion. In liberal democracies these rights (also known as 'liberal rights') may sometimes be constitutionally guaranteed, or are otherwise created by statutory law or case law, which may in turn empower various civil institutions to administer or enforce these rights.

Liberal democracy is the combination of a democratic system, in which policy is ultimately determined through popular elections and liberalism, in which the state has limited control over the individual, and there are strong protections for civil liberties. In a liberal democracy, people are generally free to do what they like, even if that involves criticizing the government; the government doesn't get to control society, suppress opposition, or do whatever they please, the government is bound by laws just like the citizens are.