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System of Particles and Rotational Motion

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CBSE Gujarat Board Haryana Board

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Class 10 Class 12
Two particles, each of mass m and speed v, travel in opposite directions along parallel lines separated by a distance d. Show that the vector angular momentum of the two particle system is the same whatever be the point about which the angular momentum is taken.

Let at a certain instant two particles be at points P and Q, as shown in the following figure.

Angular momentum of the system about point P,

Lp = mv × 0 + mv × d

=
mvd                                   ...(i)

Angular momentum of the system about point Q,

LQ = mv × d + mv × 0

=
mvd                                   ...(ii)

Consider a point R, which is at a distance y from point Q.

i.e.,
QR =

∴                   PR = d – y

Angular momentum of the system about point R,

LR = mv × (d - y) + mv × y

= mvd - mvy + mvy

= mvd                                   ...(iii)

Comparing equations (i)(ii), and (iii), we get

LP = LQ = LR                              ...(iv)

From equation
(iv), we infer that that the angular momentum of a system does not depend on the point about which it is taken.
213 Views

Define centre of mass.

Centre of mass of a body or a system of bodies is a point at which the entire mass of the body or system is supposed to be concentrated.
1449 Views

What is the significance of defining the center of mass of a system?

The motion of n particle system can be reduced to one particle motion.

An equivalent single point object would enable us to discuss the overall motion of the system.
794 Views

What is the need of centre of mass?

Newton’s second law of motion is strictly applicable to point masses only. To apply the Newton's law of motion to rigid bodies, the concept of centre of mass is introduced.

The concept of centre of mass of a system enables us to discuss overall motion of the system by replacing the system by an equivalent single point object.
911 Views

Is it necessary that there should be matter at the centre of mass of system?

No, it is not necessary that there be matter at the centre of mass of the system.

For e.g., if two equal point masses are separated by certain distance, the centre of mass lies at the mid point of two point masses and there is no mass at that point.
730 Views

Is it necessary for centre of mass to lie within the body?

No, centre of mass needs not to lie within the body. It is not necessary that the total mass of the system be actually present at the centre.

The position of the centre of mass is calculated using the usual Newtonian type of equations of motion.
943 Views