Compute the fractional change in volume of a glass slab, when subjected to a hydraulic pressure of 10 atm.
Hydraulic pressure exerted on the glass slab, p = 10 atm = 10 × 1.013 × 105 Pa
Bulk modulus of glass, B = 37 × 109 Nm–2
Bulk modulus, B =
where,
∆V/V = Fractional change in volume
∴ ∆V/V = p / B
= = 2.73 × 10-5
Hence, the fractional change in the volume of the glass slab is 2.73 × 10–5.
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Define interatomic forces and give an example?
The force between atoms of the molecule is called interatomic force.
E.g.The nucleus and electron cloud of a molecule is binded by electrostatic force.
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Anvils made of single crystals of diamond, with the shape as shown in Fig. 9.14, are used to investigate behaviour of materials under very high pressures. Flat faces at the narrow end of the anvil have a diameter of 0.50 mm, and the wide ends are subjected to a compressional force of 50,000 N. What is the pressure at the tip of the anvil?
Diameter of the cones at the narrow ends, d = 0.50 mm = 0.5 × 10–3 m
Radius, r = d/2 = 0.25 × 10-3 m
Compressional force, F = 50000 N\
Pressure at the tip of the anvil is given by,
Therefore, the pressure at the tip of the anvil is 2.55 × 1011Pa.
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Determine the volume contraction of a solid copper cube, 10 cm on an edge, when subjected to a hydraulic pressure of 7.0 ×106 Pa.
Length of an edge of the solid copper cube, l = 10 cm = 0.1 m