On 11 September 2001, nineteen hijackers hailing from a number of Arab countries took control of four American Commercial Aircrafts shortly after takeoff and crashed them into the North and South Towers of the World Trade Center of the US.
What is meant by “Shock Therapy”?
The model of transition in Russia, central Asia and east Europe that was influenced by the ‘World Bank‘ and the IMF came to be known as ‘Shock Therapy‘. This was a transition from authoritarian socialist system to a democratic capitalist system.
Describe any two constraints on American Hegemony.
Two constraints on American Hegemony:
(i) Institutional architecture of the American State itself.
(ii) A system of division of powers between the three branches of the government places significant brakes upon the unrestrained exercise of America‘s military power by executive branch.
What was the ‘Operation Infinite Reach’ ordered by President Clintons?
It was a series of cruise missile strikes on Al-Qaeda terrorist targets in Sudan and Afghanistan.