B.

(i) Phytophthora belongs to Phycomycetes (algal fungi). They contain either unicellular thallus or non-separate coenocytic mycelium. They are mostly plant damaging Oomycetes (water molds).
(ii) Alternaria is Deuteromycetes (fungi imperfecti), which lacks sexual reproduction.
(iii) Mucor also belong to Phycomycetes. They have mycelium which is coenocytic (multinucleate) and profusely branched. They reproduce vegetatively via conjugation.
(iv) Agaricus belongs to Basidiomycetes (where karyogamy and meiosis occur). They contain well-developed filaments, branched and septate mycelium. They are saprophytic but parasitic.
So, hence (b) option is correctly matched.

D.

Funaria

In Marchantia, a bryophyte, the archegonia (female sex organs) are borne on special branches called archegoniophore or female receptacles. Each archegoniophore has rows of archegonia protected by involucre or perichaetium.

D.

Genetic drift

Recombination is the most common mechanism of genetic variation in the population of a sexually reproducing organism. It involves the exchange of genetic material either between multiple chromosomes or between different regions of the same chromosome. This mechanism is generally mediated by homologous chromosomes, during meiosis, i.e, formation of gametes or germ cells. 

C.

Male shark - claspers borne on pelvic fins

A clasper is a male anatomical structure found in some groups of animals, and used in mating. Male cartilaginous fish like shark hacve claspers formed from the posterior portion of their pelvic fin which serves as intromittent organs used to channel semane into the female's cloaca during mating.

A.

rhizome

In ginger, vegetative propagation occurs through rhizome. Rhizomes are stems which grow horizontally under the ground. In ginger, the underground stems are swollen with food reserves. The terminal bud grows upward to produce the flowering shoot and the lateral buds grow out to form new plant.