### Book Store

Download books and chapters from book store.
Currently only available for.
CBSE Gujarat Board Haryana Board

### Previous Year Papers

Download the PDF Question Papers Free for off line practice and view the Solutions online.
Currently only available for.
Class 10 Class 12
What is meant by positive and negative deviations from Raoult’s law and how is the sign of Δmix H related to positive and negative deviations Raoult’s law?

Answer:

According to Raoult's law, the partial vapour pressure of each component in any solution is directly proportional to its mole fraction.

The solution which obeys Raoult's law over enitre range  is known as ideal solution.
The solution which do not obeys Raoult's law is known as non- ideal solution.

Non-ideal solution have vapour pressure either higher or lower is  predicted by raoult's law

If the vapour pressure is higher then solution is said to exhibit positive deviation, And if the vapour pressure is lower than the solution than it said to be negtive deviation.

Positive Deviation from Raoult’s law. In those non-ideal solutions, when partial pressure of component ‘A’ in the mixture of ‘A’ and ‘B’ is found to be more than that calculated from Raoult’s law. Similarly, the partial vapour pressure of component ‘B’ can be higher than calculated from Raoult’s law.
This type of deviation from ideal behaviour is called positive deviation from Raoult’s law,
e.g., water and ethanol, chloroform and water, ethanol and CCl4, methanol and chloroform, benzene and methanol, acetic acid and toluene, acetone and ethanol, methanol and H2O.
For positive deviation ΔHmixing > 0. (+ ve)

Negative Deviation from Raoult’s law. When the partial vapour pressure of component ‘A’ is found to be less than calculated from Raoult’s law on adding the second component ‘B’. When A is added to B, the partial vapour pressure of solution is less than that of ideal solution of same composition. Boiling point of such a solution is relatively higher than the boiling point of A and B respectively. This type of deviation from ideal behaviour is known as negative deviation from Raoult’s law e.g., chlorofom and acetone, chloroform and methyl acetate, H2O and HCl, H2O and HNOacetic acid and pyridine, chloroform and benzene.
For negative deviation ΔHmixing < 0.

1874 Views . 11 Shares

Calculate the mole fraction of benzene in solution containing 30% by mass in carbon tetrachloride.

Let the total mass of the solution be 100g and mass of benzene be 30 g
therefore mass of tetrachloride= (100-30)g = 70g
Molar mass of benzene,

897 Views . 3 Shares

Calculate the molarity of each of the following solution (a) 30 g of Co(NO3)2.6H2O in 4.3 L solution (b) 30 mL of 0.5 MH2SO4 diluted to 500 mL.

solution;

Molarity (M) is defined as number of moles of solute dissolved in one litre (or one cubic decimetre) of solution.

(a) Mol. mass of

Moles of $\mathrm{Co}\left(\mathrm{NO}{\right)}_{3}.6{\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$

Volume of solution = 4.3 L
Molarity,

(b) Number of moles present in 1000 ml of 0.5M H2SO4= 0.5 mol
therefore number of moles present in 30ml of 0.5M H2SO4=$\frac{0.5×30}{1000}$mol =0.015mol
therefore molarity =0.015/0.5L

thus molarity is 0.03M

844 Views . 11 Shares

Calculate (a) molality (b) molarity and (c) mole fraction of KI if the density of 20% (mass/mass) aqueous KI is 1.202 g mL-1.

(a) 20% (mass/mass) means that 20 g of KI is present in 80 g of water.

Therefore, Moles of KI in solution

moles of KI = 20/166 =0.12mol
moles of water =80/18 =4.44mol
therefore, mole fraction of KI

=

1010 Views . 3 Shares

Calculate the mass percentage of benzene (C6H6) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) if 22 g of benzene is dissolved in 122 g of carbon tetrachloride.

Mass % of benzene

Mass% of carbon tetrachloride = 100 - 15.28
= 84.72%
1703 Views . 10 Shares

Calculate the mass of urea (NH2CONH2) required in making 2.5 kg 0.25 of molal aqueous solution.

Solution:

Molality (m) is defined as the number of moles of the solute per kilogram (kg) of the solvent and is expressed as:

Mol. mass of urea ${\mathrm{NH}}_{2}{\mathrm{CONH}}_{2}$
= 14 + 2 + 12 + 16 + 14 + 2
=

Molality (m) =

or Moles of solute
= 0.25 x 0.25 =  0.625

Mass of urea
= Moles of solute x Molar mass

= 0.625 x 60 = 37.5 g

1475 Views . 6 Shares

Do a good deed today
Refer a friend to Zigya