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Biotechnology : Principles and Processes

Multiple Choice Questions

61. Restriction endonucleases are used in genetic engineering, because:

They can degrade harmful proteins
They can join DNA fragments
They can cut DNA at specific base sequences
They can cut DNA at variable sites

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62. Restriction endonucleases :

cleave DNA at highly specific recognition sequences
are inserted into bacteria by bacteriophages
are made only by eukaryotic cells
cut at random sites.

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63. Plasmids occur in :

Viruses
Chromosomes
Bacteria
Chloroplasts

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64. “Molecular scissors” used in genetic engineering is :

DNA polymerase
DNA ligase
Restriction endonuclease
Helicase

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65. First artificial gene was synthesized by :

Nirenberg
Mendel
Morgan
Khorana

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66. Which of the following correctly represents the flow of genetic information ?

RNA→DNA→ Protein
Protein→RNA→DNA
DNA→RNA→Protein
RNA→Protein→DNA

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67. Genetic engineering is :

Plastic surgery
Addition or removal of genes
Study of extranuclear genes
All the above

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Short Answer Type

68.

Can you recall meiosis and indicate at what stage a recombinant DNA is made?

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69.
Can you think and answer how a reporter enzyme can be used to monitor transformation of host cells by foreign DNA in addition to a selectable marker?

Reporter gene can be used to monitor the transformation of cells by foreign DNA. The foreign gene is linked to the DNA construct that is incorporated into the host. The reporter gene when expressed gives signals that the cell has transformed. These are often used as an indication of whether a certain gene has been taken up by or expressed in the cell or organism population. For example green fluorescent protein (GFP) used as a reporter gene causes cells that express it to glow green under blue light thus indicating the transformation of the cell by the foreign DNA.

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