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Biotechnology : Principles and Processes

Multiple Choice Questions

61. Restriction endonucleases are used in genetic engineering, because:

They can degrade harmful proteins
They can join DNA fragments
They can cut DNA at specific base sequences
They can cut DNA at variable sites

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62. Restriction endonucleases :

cleave DNA at highly specific recognition sequences
are inserted into bacteria by bacteriophages
are made only by eukaryotic cells
cut at random sites.

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63. Plasmids occur in :

Viruses
Chromosomes
Bacteria
Chloroplasts

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64. “Molecular scissors” used in genetic engineering is :

DNA polymerase
DNA ligase
Restriction endonuclease
Helicase

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65. First artificial gene was synthesized by :

Nirenberg
Mendel
Morgan
Khorana

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66. Which of the following correctly represents the flow of genetic information ?

RNA→DNA→ Protein
Protein→RNA→DNA
DNA→RNA→Protein
RNA→Protein→DNA

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67. Genetic engineering is :

Plastic surgery
Addition or removal of genes
Study of extranuclear genes
All the above

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Short Answer Type

68.

Can you recall meiosis and indicate at what stage a recombinant DNA is made?

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69.

Can you think and answer how a reporter enzyme can be used to monitor transformation of host cells by foreign DNA in addition to a selectable marker?

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70.
Explain with the help of a suitable example the naming of a restriction endonuclease.

The naming of a restriction endonuclease is done in the following way:

i) I^st letter represents the genus of the organism from which the enzyme is derived.

ii) II^nd and III^rd letters represent the species of the organism.

iii) IV^th letter represents the name of the strain.

iv) Roman number represents order in which the enzyme was isolated.

For example, In EcoRI is Derived from genus Escherichia and species coli of, strain R.
It is the 1^st to be discovered.

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