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Biotechnology and Its Applications

Short Answer Type

41. What are ethical issues with genetic engineering?

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42. Explain the social, economical and environmental advantage of genetic engineering techniques.

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43. Write a short note on :
(a) Production of human growth hormone by E. coli.

(b) Animals as organ donors for humans.

(a) Production of human growth hormone by E. coli. The hGH-coding DNA sequence is linked with the bacterial signal sequence of E. coli. The hGH is secreted into the periplasmic space of bacterial cell by the signal peptides. The protein is extracted, purified and used .

(b) Animals as organ donors for human. Organ transplantation from animal to humans is called as xenotransplantation. Usually baboons are used for transplantation as they are closely related to humans and chances of rejection are less.

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