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Breathing and Exchange of Gases

Short Answer Type

71. Define vital capacity. What is its significance?

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Long Answer Type

72.

State the volume of air remaining in lungs after a normal breathing.

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Short Answer Type

73. What is the site of gaseous exchange in an insect ?

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74. What happens to respiratory process in man going up a hill ?

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75.

Distinguish between

(a) IRV and ERV.

(b)Inspiratory and expiratory capacity.

(c) Vital capacity and Total lung capacity.

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76. What are occupational respiratory Disorders.

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Long Answer Type

77.

What are the major transport mechanisms for CO₂
? Explain.

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Short Answer Type

78.

What is Tidal volume? Find out the Tidal volume (approximate value) for a healthy human in an hour.

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79.
Explain the process of inspiration under normal conditions.

Inspiration is the process during which the atmospheric air is taken in.

Mechanism

The diaphragm and the set of intercostal muscles aid in the process of inspiration. The diaphragm contracts, thus increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity in the antero-posterior axis. The intercostal muscles also contract and lifts the ribs up further increasing the volume in the dorso-ventral axis. This creates a negative pressure in the lungs with respect to the atmospheric pressure. The air rushes in to equalise the pressure.