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Long Answer TypeShort Answer TypeLong Answer TypeLocation : It is present in the neck. Thyroid gland is the largest endocrine gland. It is bilobed and both the lobes are connected by isthmus.
Structure: The thyroid gland is a lobular structure having two lobes. The lobes are connected by a thin flap like connective tissue called isthumus. The thyroid gland has two types of cells called follicular cells and stromal tissues.
Hormones synthesized : The thyroid glands release two hormones which are tetraiodothyronine or thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)
Functions of the hormones:
1. The thyroid hormones play an important role in the regulation of metabolic rate.
2. they support the rate of red blood cell formation.
3. They control the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates.
4. They maintain water and electrolyte balance in the body.
5. They regulate the blood calcium levels.
Explain the following :
(a) Insulin lowers the blood sugar level.
(b) Hypothalamus and pituitary function as an integrated and coordinated system.
(c)Body growth is greatly accelerated at puberty in the male.
(d) Adrenal medulla and the sympathetic nervous system function as a closely integrated system.
(e) Pituitary gland regulates the reproductive system.
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