Multiple Choice QuestionsSecondary productivity is rate of formation of new organic matter by
producer
parasite
consumer
decomposer
Which one of the following processes during decomposition is correctly described?
Fragmentation - Carried out by organisms such as earthworm
Humification - Leads to the accumulation of a dark coloured substance humus, which undergoes microbial action at a very fast rate
Catabolism - Last step in the decomposition under fully anaerobic condition
Leaching - Water soluble inorganic nutrients rise to the top layers of soil
Main cause of eutrophication is
fluctuation of temperature
unusual growth of aquatic vegetations
enrichment of nutrients
abundance of microorganisms
Two related but geographically isolated species are known as
sibling species
sympatric species
taxonomic species
allopatric species
The animal species controlling the ecosystem functioning is known as
edge species
pioneer species
keystone species
umbrella species
C.
keystone species
Keystone species are the animal species controlling the ecosystem functioning. They play an important role in maintaining the structure of an ecological community, affecting many other organisms in an ecosystem and helping to determine the types and number of various other species in the community.
Edge species refers to animals that are Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered (EDGE). These species are considered to be one of a kind.
Pioneer species are hardy species which are the first to colonize previously biodiverse steady-state ecosystems.
Umbrella species are species selected for making conservation-related decisions, typically because protecting these species indirectly protects the many other species that make up the ecological community of its habitat.
Match the items in column I with those in column II and choose the correct answer.
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Thiobacillus | 1. Nitrogen- fixation |
| B. Nitrosomonas | 2. Ammonification |
| C. Azotobacter | 3. Nitrification |
| D. Pseudomonas | 4. Denitrification |
A- 4; B- 3; C- 1; D- 2
A- 3; B- 4; C- 1; D- 2
A- 4; B- 2; C- 1; D- 3
A- 2; B- 1; C- 3; D- 4
Match the following column I with column II.
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Pollen grains | 1. Photochemical smog |
| B. PAN | 2. Particulate pollution |
| C. CO2 | 3. Global warming |
| D. Cadmium | 4. Itai- itai disease |
A- 2; B- 1; C- 3; D- 4
A- 4; B- 2; C- 1; D- 3
A- 1; B- 2; C- 3; D- 4
A- 3; B- 1; C- 2; D- 4
Match the following column I with column II
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Cytology | 1. Study of fossils |
| B. Entomology | 2. Study of cells |
| C. Palaentology | 3. Study of birds |
| D. Ornithology | 4. Study of insects |
A- 2; B- 3; C- 4; D- 1
A- 2; B- 4; C- 1; D- 3
A- 1; B- 2; C- 4; D- 3
A- 3; B- 2; C- 1; D- 4
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