Secondary productivity is rate of formation of new organic matter by

• producer

• parasite

• consumer

• decomposer

Which one of the following processes during decomposition is correctly described?

• Fragmentation - Carried out by organisms such as earthworm

• Humification - Leads to the accumulation of a dark coloured substance humus, which undergoes microbial action at a very fast rate

• Catabolism - Last step in the decomposition under fully anaerobic condition

• Leaching - Water soluble inorganic nutrients rise to the top layers of soil

Main cause of eutrophication is

• fluctuation of temperature

• unusual growth of aquatic vegetations

• enrichment of nutrients

• abundance of microorganisms

The removal of 'Keystone' species will affect the

• producers

• consumers

• ecosystem

• decomposers

Two related but geographically isolated species are known as

• sibling species

• sympatric species

• taxonomic species

• allopatric species

The overlapping zone in between two ecosystems is known as

• ecozone

• biotope

• ecotone

• buffer zone

The animal species controlling the ecosystem functioning is known as

• edge species

• pioneer species

• keystone species

• umbrella species

Match the items in column I with those in column II and choose the correct answer.

Column I	Column II
A. Thiobacillus	1. Nitrogen- fixation
B. Nitrosomonas	2. Ammonification
C. Azotobacter	3. Nitrification
D. Pseudomonas	4. Denitrification

• A- 4; B- 3; C- 1; D- 2

• A- 3; B- 4; C- 1; D- 2

• A- 4; B- 2; C- 1; D- 3

• A- 2; B- 1; C- 3; D- 4

Match the following column I with column II.

Column I	Column II
A. Pollen grains	1. Photochemical smog
B. PAN	2. Particulate pollution
C. CO2	3. Global warming
D. Cadmium	4. Itai- itai disease

• A- 2; B- 1; C- 3; D- 4

• A- 4; B- 2; C- 1; D- 3

• A- 1; B- 2; C- 3; D- 4

• A- 3; B- 1; C- 2; D- 4

210.

Match the following column I with column II

Column I	Column II
A. Cytology	1. Study of fossils
B. Entomology	2. Study of cells
C. Palaentology	3. Study of birds
D. Ornithology	4. Study of insects

• A- 2; B- 3; C- 4; D- 1

• A- 2; B- 4; C- 1; D- 3

• A- 1; B- 2; C- 4; D- 3

• A- 3; B- 2; C- 1; D- 4