Short Answer TypeHow does the transmission of each of the following diseases take place?
(c) Ascariasis
Name any two types of cells that act as 'cellular barriers' to provide innate immunity in humans.
Long Answer Type(a) Cancer is one of the most dreaded diseases. Explain 'Contact inhibition' and 'Metastasis' with respect to the disease.
(b) Name the group of genes that have been identified in normal cells that could lead to cancer. How do these genes cause cancer?
(c) Name any two techniques that are useful in detecting cancers of internal organs.
(d) Why are cancer patients often given I interferon as part of the treatment?
(a) Normal cells have the property of contact inhibition (stoppage of growth on coming in contact with other cells) but cancer cells lose this property. As a result, cancer cells divide continuously to give rise to a mass of cells (tumours). Metastasis- This property is exhibited by malignant tumours. It is the pathological process of spreading cancerous cells to the different parts of the body. These cells divide uncontrollably, forming a mass of cells called tumour. From the tumour, some cells get sloughed off and enter the blood stream. From the blood stream, these cells reach distant parts of the body and therefore, initiate the formation of new tumours by dividing actively.
(b) Cellular oncogenes (c-onc) or proto-oncogenes are the group of genes that have been identified in normal cells. These genes when activated under certain conditions, could lead to oncogenic transformation of the cells.
(c) Techniques such as radiography, CT (Computed Tomography) and MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) are useful to detect cancers of internal organs.
(d) The biological response modifiers such as I interferon are given to cancer patients as part of their treatment because it activates a patient's immune system and helps in destroying the tumour.
Short Answer TypeIndiscriminate diagnostic practices using X-rays etc., should be avoided. Give one reason.
A team of students are preparing to participate in the interschool sports meet. During a practice session you find some vials with labels of certain cannabinoids.
(a) Will you report to the authorities? Why?
(b) Name of a plant from which such chemicals are obtained.
(c) Write the effect of these chemicals on human body.
A student on a school trip started sneezing and wheezing soon after reaching the hill station for no explained reasons. But, on return to the plains, the symptoms disappeared. What is such a response called? How does the body produce it?
Write the function of adenosine deaminase enzyme. State the cause of ADA deficiency in humans. Mention a possible permanent cure for ADA deficiency patient.
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