Short Answer TypeHow does the transmission of each of the following diseases take place?
(c) Ascariasis
Name any two types of cells that act as 'cellular barriers' to provide innate immunity in humans.
Long Answer Type(a) Cancer is one of the most dreaded diseases. Explain 'Contact inhibition' and 'Metastasis' with respect to the disease.
(b) Name the group of genes that have been identified in normal cells that could lead to cancer. How do these genes cause cancer?
(c) Name any two techniques that are useful in detecting cancers of internal organs.
(d) Why are cancer patients often given I interferon as part of the treatment?
Short Answer TypeIndiscriminate diagnostic practices using X-rays etc., should be avoided. Give one reason.
A team of students are preparing to participate in the interschool sports meet. During a practice session you find some vials with labels of certain cannabinoids.
(a) Will you report to the authorities? Why?
(b) Name of a plant from which such chemicals are obtained.
(c) Write the effect of these chemicals on human body.
A student on a school trip started sneezing and wheezing soon after reaching the hill station for no explained reasons. But, on return to the plains, the symptoms disappeared. What is such a response called? How does the body produce it?
Write the function of adenosine deaminase enzyme. State the cause of ADA deficiency in humans. Mention a possible permanent cure for ADA deficiency patient.
Adenosine deaminase enzyme is very important for the functioning of immune system. ADA deficiency is due to deletion of the gene for adenosine deaminase.
Possible permanent cure for the deficiency is gene therapy. In gene therapy the lymphocytes from the blood of the patients are grown in a culture outside the body. Then a functional ADA cDNA using a retroviral vector is introduced into the cultured lymphocytes. The lymphocytes are then returned to the patient’s body. If the genes isolated from the bone marrow cells producing ADA is introduced into the cells at an early embryonic stage the cure can be permanent.
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