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Human Reproduction

Long Answer Type

131.

(a) Arrange the following hormones in the sequence of their secretion in a pregnant woman.
(b) Mention their source and the function they perform.

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Short Answer Type

132.

Give an account of the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.

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133.

Explain the process of spermatogenesis.

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134.

Define Implantation.

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135.

Define Capacitation.

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136.

Medically it is advised to all young mothers that breastfeedings is the best for their newborn babies. Do you agree? Give reasons in support of your answer.

137.

Draw a diagram of a mature human sperm. Label any three parts and write their functions.

138.

Expand VNTR and describe its role in DNA fingerprinting.

139.
Explain mentrual cycle in human females.

The reproductive cycle in the female primates (e.g. Monkeys, apes and humans) is called menstrual cycle.
The first menstruation begins at puberty and is called menarche.
In human females, menstruation is repeated at an average interval of about 28/29 days and the cycle of events starting from one menstruation till the next one is menstrual cycle.
The phases of menstrual cycle are as follows :
1. Menstrual phase: It lasts for 3-5 days. The menstrual flow results due to the breakdown of the endometrial lining of the uterus and it's blood vessels which forms liquid that comes out through the vagina. Menstruation only occurs if the released ovum is not fertilised.
2. Follicular phase: It lasts for 8-10 days. During this phase, the primary follicles in the ovary grow to become a fully mature Grafian follicle and simultaneously the endometrium of uterus regerates through proliferation. The secretion of LH and FSH increases gradually.
3. Ovulatory phase : It lasts for 1 day. There is the release of ovum.
4. Luteal phase : It lasts for 13 days. There is LH surge. These induce the remaining parts of Grafian follicle to tranform as corpus luteum and it secretes progesterone.